@book {79493, title = {On What Matters}, year = {2013}, pages = {592}, publisher = {OUP Oxford}, organization = {OUP Oxford}, isbn = {9780199265923}, author = {Derek Parfit} } @book {79828, title = {Work and Object: Explorations in the Metaphysics of Art}, year = {2010}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, organization = {Oxford University Press}, address = {Oxford}, abstract = {

Work and Object is a study of fundamental questions in the metaphysics of art, notably how works relate to the materials that constitute them. Issues about the creation of works, what is essential and inessential to their identity, their distinct kinds of properties, including aesthetic properties, their amenability to interpretation, their style, the conditions under which they can go out of existence, and their relation to perceptually indistinguishable doubles (e.g. forgeries and parodies), are raised and debated. A core theme is that works like paintings, music, literature, sculpture, architecture, films, photographs, multi-media installations, and many more besides, have fundamental features in common, as cultural artefacts, in spite of enormous surface differences. It is their nature as distinct kinds of things, grounded in distinct ontological categories, that is the subject of this enquiry. Although much of the discussion is abstract, based in analytical metaphysics, there are numerous.

}, isbn = {9780199655496}, author = {Peter Lamarque} } @book {80149, title = {A world without values : essays on John Mackie{\textquoteright}s moral error theory}, year = {2010}, pages = {238}, publisher = {Springer}, organization = {Springer}, abstract = {

For centuries, certain moral philosophers have maintained that morality is an illusion, comparable to talking of ghosts or unicorns. These moral skeptics claim that the world simply doesn{\textquoteright}t contain the sort of properties (such as moral badness, moral obligation, etc.) necessary to render moral statements true. Even seemingly obvious moral claims, such as "killing innocents is morally wrong" fail to be true. What would lead someone to adopt such a radical viewpoint? Are the arguments in its favor defensible or plausible? What impact would embracing such a view have on one{\textquoteright}s practical life? Taking as its point of departure the work of moral philosopher John Mackie (1917-1981), A World Without Values is a collection of essays on moral skepticism by leading contemporary philosophers, some of whom are sympathetic to Mackie{\textquoteright}s views, some of whom are opposed. Rather than treating moral skepticism as something to dismiss as quickly as possible, this anthology is a comprehensive exploration of the topic, and as such will be a valuable resource for students of moral philosophy at all levels, as well as professionals in the field of meta-ethics. A World Without Values presents state-of-the-art arguments that advance the ongoing philosophical debate on several fronts, and will enjoy an important place on any meta-ethicist{\textquoteright}s bookshelf for some years to come.

{\textendash} Against ethics / John P. Burgess

{\textendash} Nihilism, Nietzsche, and the Doppelganger problem / Charles R. Pigden

{\textendash} Patterns of objectification / Richard Joyce

{\textendash} Mackie{\textquoteright}s internalisms / Walter Sinnott-Armstrong

{\textendash} Mackie{\textquoteright}s realism : queer pigs and the web of belief / Jamie Dreier {\textendash} Mackie on practical reason / David Phillips

{\textendash} The argument from moral experience / Don Loeb {\textendash} Beyond the error theory / Michael Smith

{\textendash} Normativity, deliberation, and queerness / David Copp

{\textendash} A tension in the moral error theory / Simon Kirchin

{\textendash} Business as usual? : the error theory, internalism, and the function of morality / Caroline West

{\textendash} The fictionalist{\textquoteright}s attitude problem / Graham Oddie and Daniel Demetriou

{\textendash} Abolishing morality / Richard Garner.

}, isbn = {9048133394}, author = {Joyce, Richard and Kirchin, Simon.} } @book {80283, title = {Writing Trauma, Writing Time and Space: Jane Smiley{\textquoteright}s A Thousand Acres and the Lear Group of Father-daughter Incest Narratives}, series = {Universitas Wasaensis}, volume = {5}, year = {2010}, publisher = {Universitas Wasaensis, 2010}, organization = {Universitas Wasaensis, 2010}, isbn = {9524763206}, doi = {https://www.univaasa.fi/materiaali/pdf/isbn_978-952-476-320-2.pdf}, author = {Marinella Rodi-Risberg} } @article {79257, title = {Why constructing a people is the main task of radical politics}, journal = {Critical inquiry}, volume = {32}, year = {2006}, pages = {646{\textendash}680}, author = {Ernesto Laclau} } @book {82197, title = {Who Are We?: The Challenges to America{\textquoteright}s National Identity}, year = {2005}, publisher = {Simon \& Schuster}, organization = {Simon \& Schuster}, abstract = {

In his seminal work\ The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order,\ Samuel Huntington argued provocatively and presciently that with the end of the cold war, "civilizations" were replacing ideologies as the new fault lines in international politics.

Now in his controversial new work,\ Who Are We?,\ Huntington focuses on an identity crisis closer to home as he examines the impact other civilizations and their values are having on our own country.

America was founded by British settlers who brought with them a distinct culture, says Huntington, including the English language, Protestant values, individualism, religious commitment, and respect for law. The waves of immigrants that later came to the United States gradually accepted these values and assimilated into America{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright}s Anglo-Protestant culture. More recently, however, our national identity has been eroded by the problems of assimilating massive numbers of primarily Hispanic immigrants and challenged by issues such as bilingualism, multiculturalism, the devaluation of citizenship, and the "denationalization" of American elites.

September 11 brought a revival of American patriotism and a renewal of American identity, but already there are signs that this revival is fading. Huntington argues the need for us to reassert the core values that make us Americans. Timely and thought-provoking,\ Who Are We?\ is an important book that is certain to shape our national conversation about who we are.

作者簡介

Samuel P. Huntington was the Albert J. Weatherhead III University Professor at Harvard University, where he was also the director of the John M. Olin Institute for Stategic Studies and the chairman of the Harvard Academy for International and Area Studies. He was the director of security planning for the National Security Council in the Carter administration, the founder and coeditor of\ Foreign Policy,\ and the president of the American Political Science Association

}, isbn = {9780684870540}, author = {Huntington, Samuel P.} } @book {82242, title = {What I Believe}, year = {2004}, publisher = {Routledge}, organization = {Routledge}, abstract = {

Along with\ Why I Am Not a Christian, this essay must rank as the most articulate example of Russell{\textquoteright}s famed atheism. It is also one of the most notorious. Used as evidence in a 1940 court case in which Russell was declared unfit to teach college-level philosophy,\ What I Believe\ was to become one of his most defining works. The ideas contained within were and are controversial, contentious and - to the religious - downright blasphemous. A remarkable work, it remains the best concise introduction to Russell{\textquoteright}s thought.

}, isbn = {9780415325097}, author = {Bertrand Russell} } @book {82137, title = {The World of Perception}, year = {2002}, publisher = {Routledge}, organization = {Routledge}, abstract = {

{\textquoteright}Painting does not imitate the world, but is a world of its own.{\textquoteright}

In 1948, Maurice Merleau-Ponty wrote and delivered on French radio a series of seven lectures on the theme of perception. Translated here into English for the first time, they offer a lucid and concise insight into one of the great philosophical minds of the twentieth-century.

These lectures explore themes central not only to Merleau-Ponty{\textquoteright}s philosophy but phenomenology as a whole. He begins by rejecting the idea - inherited from Descartes and influential within science - that perception is unreliable and prone to distort the world around us. Merleau-Ponty instead argues that perception is inseparable from our senses and it is how we make sense of the world.

Merleau-Ponty explores this guiding theme through a brilliant series of reflections on science, space, our relationships with others, animal life and art. Throughout, he argues that perception is never something learned and then applied to the world. As creatures with embodied minds, he reminds us that we are born perceiving and share with other animals and infants a state of constant, raw, unpredictable contact with the world. He provides vivid examples with the help of Kafka, animal behaviour and above all modern art, particularly the work of Cezanne.

A thought-provoking and crystalline exploration of consciousness and the senses,\ The World of Perception\ is essential reading for anyone interested in the work of Merleau-Ponty, twentieth-century philosophy and art.

}, isbn = {041531271X}, author = {Maurice Merleau-Ponty} } @book {80192, title = {What we owe to each other}, year = {2000}, publisher = {Belknap Press of Harvard University Press}, organization = {Belknap Press of Harvard University Press}, abstract = {

How do we judge whether an action is morally right or wrong? If an action is wrong, what reason does that give us not to do it? Why should we give such reasons priority over our other concerns and values? This text offers answers to these questions, and explores the views and values behind them.

}, isbn = {067400423X}, author = {Scanlon, Thomas.} } @book {82040, title = {What Is Philosophy?}, year = {1996}, publisher = {Columbia University Press}, organization = {Columbia University Press}, abstract = {

Called by many France{\textquoteright}s foremost philosopher, Gilles Deleuze is one of the leading thinkers in the Western World. His acclaimed works and celebrated collaborations with F lix Guattari have established him as a seminal figure in the fields of literary criticism and philosophy. The long-awaited publication of\ What Is Philosophy?\ in English marks the culmination of Deleuze{\textquoteright}s career.

Deleuze and Guattari differentiate between philosophy, science, and the arts, seeing as means of confronting chaos, and challenge the common view that philosophy is an extension of logic. The authors also discuss the similarities and distinctions between creative and philosophical writing. Fresh anecdotes from the history of philosophy illuminate the book, along with engaging discussions of composers, painters, writers, and architects.

A milestone in Deleuze{\textquoteright}s collaboration with Guattari,\ What Is Philosophy?\ brings a new perspective to Deleuze{\textquoteright}s studies of cinema, painting, and music, while setting a brilliant capstone upon his work.

作者簡介

Gilles Deleuze was Professor of Philosophy at the University of Paris VIII. He died in November 1995. Among his many works are\ The Logic of Sense, Difference and Repetition,\ and\ Nietzche and Philosophy,\ all published by Columbia University Press.

F{\'e}lix Guattari, a practicing psychoanalyst in Paris until his death in 1992, collaborated with Deleuze on four books, including\ Anti-Oedipus\ and\ A Thousand Plateaus.

}, isbn = {9780231079891}, author = {Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari} } @inbook {81856, title = {Weber{\textquoteright}s Ascetic Practices of the Self}, booktitle = { Weber{\textquoteright}s Protestant Ethic Origins, Evidence, Contexts}, year = {1993}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, organization = {Cambridge University Press}, chapter = {7}, abstract = {

Beginning with\ The Protestant Ethic,\ Max Weber{\textquoteright}s\ oeuvre\ contains an implicit discourse concerning what we can call the {\textquotedblleft}empowerment{\textquotedblright} of the {\textquotedblleft}self that informs many of his works, as well as his interpretations of what he takes to be the crisis of modern society and politics. Weber analyzes the shaping of subjects or selves in religions and the traditional economy in the past, as well as in bureaucracies, systems of rationality, and traditions of education in the present. Despite this concern with the empowerment of the self, however, Weber rarely mentions the self directly. Instead he analyzes disciplines of the self like the {\textquotedblleft}calling{\textquotedblright} and charismatic education, conceptions of the transformed self like the {\textquotedblleft}personality{\textquotedblright} and the\ Ordnungsmensch,\ and the different {\textquotedblleft}roles{\textquotedblright} empowered selves occupy, like the scientist or politician with a calling, the entrepreneur, and the charismatic leader. I also argue that Weber, who was convinced of the significant historical role played by the Puritan concept of calling, brought a secular version of that concept into social theory as an ethos and a discipline for action, defending an ascetic notion of personhood against the failures of the tradition of\ Bildung\ and the ideals of the\ Bildungsb{\"u}rgertum.\ This was his only model for a fortified self that could accomplish the tasks of German society and culture under conditions of rationalization. The capacity of a calling like the Puritan{\textquoteright}s to empower the self made it a unique vehicle, in Weber{\textquoteright}s view, for mastering the rationalized world. His called individuals are all patterned on the portrait of Puritan entrepreneurs in\ The Protestant Ethic.

}, author = {Harvey S. Goldman} } @inbook {79818, title = {Why Do Songs Have Words?}, booktitle = {Music for Pleasure: Essays in the Sociology of Pop}, year = {1988}, pages = {105-128}, publisher = {Routledge}, organization = {Routledge}, address = {New York}, author = {Simon Frith} } @book {79867, title = {Works and Worlds of Art}, year = {1980}, publisher = {Clarendon Press}, organization = {Clarendon Press}, address = {Oxford}, abstract = {

In this book the author treats art as an action performed by the artist as agent, rather than examining it from the point of view of its audience as contemplators.

}, author = {Nicholas Wolterstorff} } @article {79687, title = {What Is It Like to Be a Bat?}, journal = {Philosophical Review}, volume = {83}, year = {1974}, pages = {450}, chapter = {435}, author = {Nagel, T.} } @book {79667, title = {Word and Object}, year = {1960}, publisher = {MIT Press Ltd}, organization = {MIT Press Ltd}, abstract = {

Language consists of dispositions, socially instilled, to respond observably to socially observable stimuli. Such is the point of view from which a noted philosopher and logician examines the notion of meaning and the linguistic mechanisms of objective reference. In the course of the discussion, Professor Quine pinpoints the difficulties involved in translation, brings to light the anomalies and conflicts implicit in our language{\textquoteright}s referential apparatus, clarifies semantic problems connected with the imputation of existence, and marshals reasons for admitting or repudiating each of various categories of supposed objects. He argues that the notion of a language-transcendent "sentence-meaning" must on the whole be rejected; meaningful studies in the semantics of reference can only be directed toward substantially the same language in which they are conducted.

}, isbn = {9780262670012}, author = {Willard Van Orman Quine} }