@book {82768, title = {The Reasons of Love}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Princeton University Press}, organization = {Princeton University Press}, abstract = {

A clear, accessible exploration of how and why we love by prominent philosopher and bestselling author Harry Frankfurt

In\ The Reasons of Love, leading moral philosopher and bestselling author Harry Frankfurt argues that the key to a fulfilled life is to pursue wholeheartedly what one cares about, that love is the most authoritative form of caring, and that the purest form of love is, in a complicated way, self-love.

Through caring, we infuse the world with meaning. Caring provides us with stable ambitions and concerns; it shapes the framework of aims and interests within which we lead our lives. Frankfurt goes on to explain that the most important form of caring is love, a nonvoluntary, disinterested concern for the flourishing of what is loved. And he contends that the purest form of love is self-love. This sounds perverse, but self-love--as distinct from self-indulgence--is at heart a disinterested concern for whatever it is that the person loves. The most elementary form of self-love is nothing more than the desire of a person to love. Insofar as this is true, self-love is simply a commitment to finding meaning in our lives.

作者簡介

Harry G. Frankfurt\ is professor emeritus of philosophy at Princeton University. His many books include\ On Inequality\ and the $\#$1 New York Times bestseller\ On Bullshit\ (both Princeton).

}, isbn = {9780691191478}, author = {Frankfurt, Harry G.} } @book {82149, title = {On the reproduction of capitalism}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Verso}, organization = {Verso}, abstract = {

Louis Althusser{\textquoteright}s renowned short text {\textquoteright}Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses{\textquoteright} radically transformed the concept of the subject, the understanding of the state and even the very frameworks of cultural, political and literary theory. The text has influenced thinkers such as Judith Butler, Ernesto Laclau and Slavoj {\v Z}i{\v z}ek.

The piece is, in fact, an extract from a much longer book,\ On the Reproduction of Capitalism, until now unavailable in English. Its publication makes possible a reappraisal of seminal Althusserian texts already available in English, their place in Althusser{\textquoteright}s oeuvre and the relevance of his ideas for contemporary theory.\ On the Reproduction of Capitalism\ develops Althusser{\textquoteright}s conception of historical materialism, outlining the conditions of reproduction in capitalist society and the revolutionary struggle for its overthrow.

Written in the afterglow of May 1968, the text addresses a question that continues to haunt us today: in a society that proclaims its attachment to the ideals of liberty and equality, why do we witness the ever-renewed reproduction of relations of domination? Both a conceptually innovative text and a key theoretical tool for activists,\ On the Reproduction of Capitalism\ is an essential addition to the corpus of the twentieth-century Left.

作者簡介

Louis Althusser\ was born in Algeria in 1918 and died in France in 1990. He taught philosophy for many years at the Ecole Normale Sup{\'e}rieure in Paris, and was a leading intellectual in the French Communist Party. His books include\ For Marx;\ Reading Capital\ (with {\'E}tienne Balibar);\ Essays in Ideology;\ Politics and History: Montesquieu, Rousseau, Marx;\ Machiavelli and Us; and\ The Spectre of Hegel.

}, isbn = {9781781681640}, author = {Althusser, Louis} } @book {80803, title = {On the Reproduction of Capitalism: Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses}, year = {2014}, pages = {288}, publisher = {Verso}, organization = {Verso}, edition = {Later Edition}, abstract = {

Louis Althusser{\textquoteright}s renowned short text {\textquoteright}Ideology and\ Ideological State Apparatuses{\textquoteright} radically transformed the\ concept of the subject, the understanding of the state\ and even the very frameworks of cultural, political and\ literary theory. The text has influenced thinkers such as\ Judith Butler, Ernesto Laclau and Slavoj {\v Z}i{\v z}ek.

The piece is, in fact, an extract from a much longer book,\ On the Reproduction of Capitalism, until now unavailable\ in English. Its publication makes possible a reappraisal\ of seminal Althusserian texts already available in English,\ their place in Althusser{\textquoteright}s oeuvre and the relevance of\ his ideas for contemporary theory.\ On the Reproduction\ of Capitalism\ develops Althusser{\textquoteright}s conception of historical\ materialism, outlining the conditions of reproduction\ in capitalist society and the revolutionary struggle for\ its overthrow.

Written in the afterglow of May 1968, the text addresses\ a question that continues to haunt us today: in a society\ that proclaims its attachment to the ideals of liberty and\ equality, why do we witness the ever-renewed reproduction\ of relations of domination? Both a conceptually\ innovative text and a key theoretical tool for activists,\ On the Reproduction of Capitalism\ is an essential addition\ to the corpus of the twentieth-century Left.

}, isbn = {978-1781681640}, author = {Althusser, Louis} } @book {79256, title = {The rhetorical foundations of society}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Verso Books}, organization = {Verso Books}, author = {Ernesto Laclau} } @book {79375, title = {Robot Ethics : The Ethical and Social Implications of Robotics}, year = {2014}, publisher = {MIT Press Ltd}, organization = {MIT Press Ltd}, abstract = {

Robots today serve in many roles, from entertainer to educator to executioner. As robotics technology advances, ethical concerns become more pressing: Should robots be programmed to follow a code of ethics, if this is even possible? Are there risks in forming emotional bonds with robots? How might society -- and ethics -- change with robotics? This volume is the first book to bring together prominent scholars and experts from both science and the humanities to explore these and other questions in this emerging field. Starting with an overview of the issues and relevant ethical theories, the topics flow naturally from the possibility of programming robot ethics to the ethical use of military robots in war to legal and policy questions, including liability and privacy concerns. The contributors then turn to human-robot emotional relationships, examining the ethical implications of robots as sexual partners, caregivers, and servants. Finally, they explore the possibility that robots, whether biological-computational hybrids or pure machines, should be given rights or moral consideration. Ethics is often slow to catch up with technological developments. This authoritative and accessible volume fills a gap in both scholarly literature and policy discussion, offering an impressive collection of expert analyses of the most crucial topics in this increasingly important field.

}, issn = {9780262526005}, author = {Patrick Lin and Keith Abney and George A. Bekey} } @book {79812, title = {The Rainbow of Experiences, Critical Trust, and God : A Defense of Holistic Empiricism}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Continuum Publishing Corporation}, organization = {Continuum Publishing Corporation}, abstract = {

The question of whether religious experience can be trusted has been hotly debated in epistemology and philosophy of religion in recent years. Kwan surveys this contemporary philosophical debate, provides in-depth analysis of the crucial issues, and offer arguments for an affirmative answer to the above question. Kwan first argues against traditional empiricist epistemologies and defends Swinburne{\textquoteright}s Principle of Credulity which holds that we should trust our experiences unless there are special considerations to the contrary. The Principle of Credulity is renamed the Principle of Critical Trust to highlight the need for balance between trust and criticism and is used as the foundation for a new approach to epistemology, the Critical Trust Approach (CTA), which maintains an emphasis on experience but attempts to break loose of the straitjacket of traditional empiricism by broadening the evidential base of experience. Kwan then widens his focus by looking at theistic experience in the contemporary multicultural context.

}, isbn = {9781623564551}, author = {Kai-Man Kwan and 關, 啟文} } @book {83150, title = {Republic}, year = {2008}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, organization = {Oxford University Press}, abstract = {

The central work of one of the West{\textquoteright}s greatest philosophers, The Republic of Plato is a masterpiece of insight and feeling, the finest of the Socratic dialogues, and one of the great books of Western culture. This new translation captures the dramatic realism, poetic beauty, intellectual vitality, and emotional power of Plato at the height of his powers. Deftly weaving three main strands of argument into an artistic whole--the ethical and political, the aesthetic and mystical, and the metaphysical--Plato explores in The Republic the elements of the ideal community, where morality can be achieved in a balance of wisdom, courage, and restraint.

About the Series: For over 100 years Oxford World{\textquoteright}s Classics has made available the broadest spectrum of literature from around the globe. Each affordable volume reflects Oxford{\textquoteright}s commitment to scholarship, providing the most accurate text plus a wealth of other valuable features, including expert introductions by leading authorities, voluminous notes to clarify the text, up-to-date bibliographies for further study, and much more.


Robin Waterfield is a distinguished translator and author. Previously a consultant editor for Collins-Harvill, his translations of Plato include Philebus (1982), Theatetus (1987), Early Socratic Dialogues (1987), and Symposium (WC, Jan, 1994).

}, isbn = {9780199535767}, author = {Pl{\'a}ton Plato} } @book {81466, title = {Reassembling the Social}, year = {2007}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, organization = {Oxford University Press}, abstract = {

Reassembling the Social is a fundamental challenge from one of the world{\textquoteright}s leading social theorists to how we understand society and the {\textquoteright}social{\textquoteright}.

Bruno Latour{\textquoteright}s contention is that the word {\textquoteright}social{\textquoteright}, as used by Social Scientists, has become laden with assumptions to the point where it has become misnomer. When the adjective is applied to a phenomenon, it is used to indicate a stablilized state of affairs, a bundle of ties that in due course may be used to account for another phenomenon. But Latour also finds the word used as if it described a type of material, in a comparable way to an adjective such as {\textquoteright}wooden{\textquoteright} or {\textquoteright}steely{\textquoteright}. Rather than
simply indicating what is already assembled together, it is now used in a way that makes assumptions about the nature of what is assembled. It has become a word that designates two distinct things: a process of assembling; and a type of material, distinct from others.

Latour shows why {\textquoteright}the social{\textquoteright} cannot be thought of as a kind of material or domain, and disputes attempts to provide a {\textquoteright}social explanations{\textquoteright} of other states of affairs. While these attempts have been productive (and probably necessary) in the past, the very success of the social sciences mean that they are largely no longer so. At the present stage it is no longer possible to inspect the precise constituents entering the social domain.

Latour returns to the original meaning of {\textquoteright}the social{\textquoteright} to redefine the notion, and allow it to trace connections again. It will then be possible to resume the traditional goal of the social sciences, but using more refined tools. Drawing on his extensive work examining the {\textquoteright}assemblages{\textquoteright} of nature, Latour finds it necessary to scrutinize thoroughly the exact content of what is assembled under the umbrella of Society.

This approach, a {\textquoteright}sociology of associations{\textquoteright}, has become known as Actor-Network-Theory, and this book is an essential introduction both for those seeking to understand Actor-Network Theory, or the ideas of one of its most influential proponents.

}, isbn = {9780199256051}, author = {Bruno Latour} } @article {79920, title = {Reflections on Words and Music}, journal = {Musical Quarterly}, volume = {84}, year = {2000}, pages = {123-136}, author = {Martin Boykan} } @article {81968, title = {Reasons and Motivation}, journal = {Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society}, volume = {Supplementar}, year = {1997}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, chapter = {99}, author = {Parfit, Derek and Broome, John} } @book {81256, title = {The Realm of Rights}, year = {1990}, publisher = {Harvard University Press}, organization = {Harvard University Press}, address = {Cambridge Mass.}, abstract = {

The concept of a right is fundamental to moral, political, and legal thinking, but much of the use of that concept is selective and fragmentary: it is common merely to appeal to this or that intuitively plausible attribution of rights as needed for purposes of argument. In The Realm of Rights Judith Thomson provides a full-scale, systematic theory of human and social rights, bringing out what in general makes an attribution of a right true.

Thomson says that the question what it is to have a right precedes the question which rights we have, and she therefore begins by asking why our having rights is a morally significant fact about us. She argues that a person{\textquoteright}s having a right is reducible to a complex moral constraint: central to that constraint is that, other things being equal, the right ought to be accorded. Thomson asks what those other things are that may or may not be equal, and describes the tradeoffs that relieve us of the requirement to accord a right.

Our rights fall into two classes, those we have by virtue of being human beings and those we have by virtue of private interactions and law. Thomson argues that the first class includes rights that others not kill or harm us, but does not include rights that others meet our needs. The second class includes rights that issue from promises and consent, and Thomson shows how they are generated; she also argues that property rights issue only from a legitimate legal system, so that the second class includes them as well.

The Realm of Rights will take its place as a major effort to provide a stable foundation for our deeply held belief that we are not mere cogs in a communal machine, but are instead individuals whose private interests are entitled to respect.

}, isbn = {9780674749481}, author = {Thomson, Judith} } @book {82596, title = {Reforming Education}, year = {1990}, publisher = {Prentice Hall}, organization = {Prentice Hall}, abstract = {

A founder of the "great books" movement addresses the controversy concerning what should be required study in schools and suggests a humanistic course of study that is accessible to all

}, isbn = {9780020301752}, author = {Mortimer J. Adler} } @book {79447, title = {On Revolution}, year = {1990}, publisher = {Penguin}, organization = {Penguin}, author = {Hannah Arendt} } @book {79804, title = {Reasons and Persons}, year = {1986}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, organization = {Oxford University Press}, abstract = {

This book challenges, with several powerful arguments, some of our deepest beliefs about rationality, morality, and personal identity. The author claims that we have a false view of our own nature; that it is often rational to act against our own best interests; that most of us have moral views that are directly self-defeating; and that, when we consider future generations the conclusions will often be disturbing. He concludes that moral non-religious moral philosophy is a young subject, with a promising but unpredictable future.

}, isbn = { 9780198249085}, author = {Derek Parfit} }