@book {80997, title = {Philosophy of Immunology}, series = {Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy}, volume = {1118}, year = {2019}, month = {12/2019}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, organization = {Cambridge University Press}, address = {London}, abstract = {

Immunology is central to contemporary biology and medicine, but it also provides novel philosophical insights. Its most significant contribution to philosophy concerns the understanding of biological individuality: what a biological individual is, what makes it unique, how its boundaries are established and what ensures its identity through time. Immunology also offers answers to some of the most interesting philosophical questions. What is the definition of life? How are bodily systems delineated? How do the mind and the body interact? In this Element, Thomas Pradeu considers the ways in which immunology can shed light on these and other important philosophical issues. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

}, isbn = {9781108616706}, doi = {10.1017/9781108616706}, author = {Pradeu, Thomas} } @book {82435, title = {Pens{\'e}es}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Dover Publications Inc.}, organization = {Dover Publications Inc.}, abstract = {

I know of no religious writer more pertinent to our time. -- T. S. Eliot, Introduction to Pens{\'e}es
Men despise religion. They hate it and are afraid it may be true, declared Pascal in his Pens{\'e}es. The cure for this, he explained, is first to show that religion is not contrary to reason, but worthy of reverence and respect. Next make it attractive, make good men wish it were true, and then show that it is.
Motivated by the 17th-century view of the supremacy of human reason, Pascal (1623-62) had intended to write an ambitious apologia for Christianity, in which he argued the inability of reason to address metaphysical problems. His untimely death prevented his completion of the work, but the fragments published posthumously in 1670 form a vital part of religious and philosophical literature. Essential reading for students of history, philosophy, and theology, the Pens{\'e}es remain among the liveliest and most eloquent defenses of Christianity ever written.

}, isbn = {9780486821504}, author = {Pascal, Blaise} } @book {82496, title = {The philosophy of the m{\`o}zi: the first consequentialists}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Columbia university press}, organization = {Columbia university press}, address = { New York}, abstract = {

Mohism was an ancient Chinese philosophical movement founded in the fifth century BCE by the charismatic artisan M zi, or "Master Mo." Its practitioners advanced a consequentialist ethics, along with fascinating political, logical, and epistemological theories, that set the terms of philosophical argumentation and reflection in China for generations to come. Mohism faded away in the imperial era, leaving the impression that it was not as vital as other Chinese philosophical traditions, yet a complete understanding of Confucianism or Daoism is impossible without appreciating the seminal contribution of Mohist thought.

The Philosophy of the M zi\ is an extensive study of Mohism, situating the movement{\textquoteright}s rise and decline within Chinese history. The book also emphasizes Mohism{\textquoteright}s relevance to modern systems of thought. Mohism anticipated Western utilitarianism by more than two thousand years. Its political theory is the earliest to outline a just war doctrine and locate the origins of government in a state of nature. Its epistemology, logic, and psychology provide compelling alternatives to contemporary Western mentalism. More than a straightforward account of Mohist principles and practice, this volume immerses readers in the Mohist mindset and clarifies its underpinning of Chinese philosophical discourse.

}, isbn = {9780231149273}, author = {Fraser, Chris} } @book {80244, title = {Political ideologies : their origins and impact}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Taylor \& Francis Ltd}, organization = {Taylor \& Francis Ltd}, abstract = {

Comprehensive and accessible, Political Ideologies follows the evolution of political thought over 300 years. Organized chronologically, this text examines each major ideology within a political, historical, economic, and social context. Leon Baradat{\textquoteright}s skillful prose is joined by John Phillips{\textquoteright} skillful updating to ensure that students obtain a clear understanding of how ideas influence the political realities of our time. The twelfth edition of this beloved text emphasizes new developments in ideologically charged arenas including the Middle East and Islam, gay marriage, feminism, climate change, and more. New to the 12th edition In addition to a thorough updating of examples, detail, and data, the following items are either wholly new or considerably expanded in this edition: * The mixed legacy of the Obama administration on civil liberties, foreign policy, health care, immigration, and especially the environment, and the mounting jeopardy to the global environment posed by record-breaking global warming and pollution.

}, isbn = {9781138650053}, author = {Baradat, Leon P. and Phillips, John A.} } @article {79866, title = {The Poverty of Musical Ontology}, journal = {The Journal of Music and Meaning}, volume = {13}, year = {2014}, pages = {1-19}, author = {Young, James O.} } @book {82163, title = { The Principles of Philosophy}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Createspace Independent Publishing Platform}, organization = {Createspace Independent Publishing Platform}, abstract = {

Principles of Philosophy is a book by Ren{\'e} Descartes. In essence it is a synthesis of the Discourse on Method and Meditations on First Philosophy. It was written in Latin, published in 1644 and dedicated to Elisabeth of Bohemia, with whom Descartes had a long-standing friendship. A French version (Les Principes de la Philosophie) followed in 1647. It set forth the principles of nature-the Laws of Physics-as Descartes viewed them. Most notably, it set forth the principle that in the absence of external forces, an object{\textquoteright}s motion will be uniform and in a straight line.

}, isbn = {9781500569235}, author = {Ren{\'e} Descartes} } @book {80473, title = {Philosophy and the novel}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, organization = {Oxford University Press}, isbn = {0199674450}, author = {Goldman, Alan H.} } @book {80898, title = {Practical Ethics}, year = {2011}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, organization = {Cambridge University Press}, abstract = {

For thirty years, Peter Singer{\textquoteright}s Practical Ethics has been the classic introduction to applied ethics. For this third edition, the author has revised and updated all the chapters and added a new chapter addressing climate change, one of the most important ethical challenges of our generation. Some of the questions discussed in this book concern our daily lives. Is it ethical to buy luxuries when others do not have enough to eat? Should we buy meat from intensively reared animals? Am I doing something wrong if my carbon footprint is above the global average? Other questions confront us as concerned citizens: equality and discrimination on the grounds of race or sex; abortion, the use of embryos for research and euthanasia; political violence and terrorism; and the preservation of our planet{\textquoteright}s environment. This book{\textquoteright}s lucid style and provocative arguments make it an ideal text for university courses and for anyone willing to think about how she or he ought to live.

}, isbn = {9781139496896}, author = {Peter Singer} } @article {79259, title = {Prison Notebooks, Volumes 1-3}, year = {2011}, author = {Gramsci, Antonio} } @book {82067, title = {Philosophical Hermeneutics}, year = {2008}, publisher = {University of California Press}, organization = {University of California Press}, abstract = {

Published in German during the last 15 years, the 13 essays in this volume provide readers with valuable knowledge of the much discussed theme of hermeneutics today. Gadamer was an early student of Martin Heidegger and has been a lifelong friend and interpreter. These essays are an outgrowth of Gadamer{\textquoteright}s Truth and Method. They can be understood, however, independently of it. Gadamer{\textquoteright}s standpoint is a blend of Hegel{\textquoteright}s and Heidegger{\textquoteright}s, with his own independent development in part. The book contains a long and highly competent introduction by the editor, David E. Linge, who has translated most of the essays. - Choice, on back cover.

}, isbn = {9780520256408}, author = {Hans-Georg Gadamer} } @book {82224, title = {The Prince}, year = {2008}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, organization = {Oxford University Press}, abstract = {

Based upon Machiavelli{\textquoteright}s first-hand experience as an emissary of the Florentine Republic to the courts of Europe,\ The Prince\ analyses the usually violent means by which men seize, retain, and lose political power. This fluent new translation is accompanied by comprehensive notes and an introduction that dispels some of the myths associated with Machiavelli, and considers the true purpose of\ The Prince.

A new translation, the only English translation to be based upon the authoritative Italian text edited by Giorgio Inglese (1996), that is accurate, readable, and faithful to Machiavelli{\textquoteright}s style

The introduction by Maurizio Viroli presents Machiavelli{\textquoteright}s political thought in an original context, whose main purpose was the foundation of states and redemption of peoples, using oratory and rhetoric as his main tools.

The most comprehensive explanatory and critical notes in any currently available English translation

The most comprehensive bibliography in any edition of the work

Helpful Glossary of Proper Names, Index and map

}, isbn = {9780199535699}, author = {Niccolo Machiavelli} } @book {79826, title = {The Performance of Reading: An Essay in the Philosophy of Literature}, year = {2006}, publisher = {Blackwell}, organization = {Blackwell}, address = {Oxford}, isbn = {9781405188234}, author = {Peter Kivy} } @book {80411, title = {The philosophy of art}, year = {2006}, pages = {239}, publisher = {Blackwell Pub}, organization = {Blackwell Pub}, abstract = {

Written with clarity, wit, and rigor, The Philosophy of Art provides an incisive account of the core topics in the field. * The first volume in the new Foundations of the Philosophy of the Arts series, designed to provide crisp introductions to the fundamental general questions about art, as well as to questions about the several arts (such as literature, music or painting). * Presents a clear and insightful introduction to central topics and on-going debates in the philosophy of art. * Eight sections cover a wide spectrum of topics such as the interpretation of art, the relation between art and moral values, and the expression and arousal of emotion through art. * Pedagogical features include full-color illustrations, vibrant examples, thought-provoking discussion questions and helpful suggested readings.

}, isbn = {1405120231}, author = {Davies, Stephen} } @book {82406, title = {Philosophy of Right}, year = {2005}, publisher = {Dover Publications}, organization = {Dover Publications}, abstract = {

Complete and unabridged, this edition of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel{\textquoteright}s 1821 classic offers a comprehensive view of the philosopher{\textquoteright}s influential system. In the\ Philosophy of Right,\ Hegel applies his most important concept -- the dialectics -- to law, rights, morality, the family, economics, and the state. The last of Hegel{\textquoteright}s works to be published in his lifetime, this volume combines moral and political philosophy to form a sociologic view dominated by the idea of the state. Hegel defines universal right as the synthesis between the thesis of an individual acting in accordance with the law and the occasional conflict of an antithetical desire to follow private convictions. The state, he declares, must permit individuals to satisfy both demands, thereby realizing social harmony and prosperity--the perfect synthesis. Further, Hegel renounces his formerly favorable assessment of the French Revolution and rejects the republican form of government, suggesting instead an idealized form of a constitutional monarchy, in which ultimate power rests with the sovereign.

}, isbn = {9780486445632}, author = {Hegel, G. W. F.} } @book {80233, title = {Political liberalism}, year = {2005}, pages = {525}, publisher = {Columbia University Press}, organization = {Columbia University Press}, abstract = {

Expanded ed.

PART ONE: POLITICAL LIBERALISM: BASIC ELEMENTS:

Lecture I. Fundamental ideas

{\textendash} Lecture II. The powers of citizens and their representation

{\textendash} Lecture III. Political constructivism

{\textendash} PART TWO: POLITICAL LIBERALISM: THREE MAIN IDEAS: Lecture IV. The idea of an overlapping consensus

{\textendash} Lecture V. Priority of right and ideas of the good

{\textendash} Lecture VI. The idea of public reason

{\textendash} PART THREE: INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK: Lecture VII. The basic structure as subject

{\textendash} Lecture VIII. The basic liberties and their priority

{\textendash} Lecture IX. Reply to Habermas

{\textendash} PART FOUR: THE IDEA OF PUBLIC REASON REVISITED: The idea of public reason revisited (1997).

}, isbn = {0231130899}, author = {Rawls, John} } @book {79682, title = {The Politics of Friendship}, volume = {5}, year = {2005}, publisher = {Verso}, organization = {Verso}, author = {Derrida, Jacques} } @book {82733, title = {phenomenology of perception}, year = {2002}, publisher = {ROUTLEDGE, TAYLOR \& FRANCIS GROUP}, organization = {ROUTLEDGE, TAYLOR \& FRANCIS GROUP}, abstract = {

由胡塞爾所開創的現象學,認為我們在認識世界的時候,只應該對我們直接體驗到的現象進行描述,但不主張解釋現象的因果關係,應該把一切經驗、知識或先入之見擱在一邊,以免影響我們對事物的體驗。

而一九四五年,梅洛-龐蒂所出版的《知覺現象學》(Phenomenology of Perception),更成為現象學哲學運動史上的一個里程碑{\textemdash}{\textemdash}《知覺現象學》的基本論點是:知覺是一切認識活動的開始,是其他認識活動的基礎。

梅洛-龐蒂繼承了胡塞爾的現象學,強調重要的是描述,而不是解釋。有些學者認為,梅洛-龐蒂不僅發展了胡塞爾的現象學哲學,且比胡塞爾更清晰地闡明了現象學的論點,將他譽為胡塞爾的最好解釋者。

}, isbn = {9780415278416}, author = {Maurice Merleau-Ponty} } @book {82456, title = {The Problems of Philosophy}, year = {2001}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, organization = {Oxford University Press}, abstract = {

{\textquoteright}Is there any knowledge in the world which is so certain that no reasonable man could doubt it?{\textquoteright}

Philosophy is the attempt to answer such ultimate questions, not carelessly and dogmatically, as we might deal with them in ordinary life, but critically, after analysing how and why the questions arise and clarifying the assumptions and concepts on which they are based.

This classic work, first published in 1912, has never been supplanted as an approachable introduction to the theory of philosophical enquiry. It gives Russell{\textquoteright}s views on such subjects as the distinction between appearance and reality, the existence and nature of matter, idealism, knowledge by acquaintance and by description, induction, and the limits and value of philosophical knowledge.

This edition includes an introduction by John Skorupski contextualizing Russell{\textquoteright}s work, and a guide to further reading.
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}, isbn = {9780192854230}, author = {Bertrand Russell} } @book {80238, title = {The problems of communitarian politics : unity and conflict}, year = {1999}, pages = {279}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, organization = {Oxford University Press}, abstract = {

The book offers a detailed critical analysis of the ideal of {\textquoteright}community{\textquoteright} in politics. The book traces elements of the idea of community in a number of social and philosophical contests over the last century, explaining how these are articulated in very recent political and public policy debates. {\textquoteright}Community{\textquoteright} is invoked as a justification for re-organisation of state institutions as the source of care, and support for individuals, and as an entity which is valuable in its own right, and needs itself to be sustained and defended. In community development, community action, community care, and community politics, the tensions and contradictions within the concept are often invariably felt community is both inclusive and exclusive; both organised and unstructured; and both hierarchical and egalitarian. The book argues that analyses of the concept of {\textquoteright}community{\textquoteright} shows the role of ideas and ideals in shaping political actions, the barriers to the realization of community in practical contexts, and ultimately the untenability of the ideal itself.

}, isbn = {9780198295648}, author = {Frazer, Elizabeth.} } @book {79345, title = {Pol{\'\i}tica para Amador}, series = {Ariel. Barcelona}, year = {1997}, author = {Fernando Savater} } @book {79819, title = {Performing Rites: On the Value of Popular Music}, year = {1996}, publisher = {Harvard University Press}, organization = {Harvard University Press}, address = {Cambridge, MA}, abstract = {

Simon Firth asks what we talk about when we talk about music. Instead of dismissing emotional response and personal taste as inaccessible to the academic critic, he takes these forms of engagement as his subject - and discloses their place at the very centre of the aesthetics that structure our culture and colour our lives.

}, isbn = {9780674661967}, author = {Simon Frith} } @booklet {79163, title = {Probleme der Moralphilosophie}, year = {1996}, author = {Theodor W. Adorno} } @book {79825, title = {Pragmatist Aesthetics: Living Beauty, Rethinking Art}, year = {1992}, publisher = {Blackwell}, organization = {Blackwell}, address = {Oxford}, abstract = {

This much acclaimed book has emerged as neo-pragmatism{\textquoteright}s most significant contribution to contemporary aesthetics. By articulating a deeply embodied notion of aesthetic experience and the art of living, and by providing a compellingly rigorous defense of popular art-crowned by a pioneer study of hip hop-Richard Shusterman reorients aesthetics towards a fresher, more relevant , and socially progressive agenda. The second edition contains an introduction where Shusterman responds to his critics, and it concludes with an added chapter that formulates his novel notion of somaesthetics.

}, author = {Richard Shusterman} } @book {80772, title = {The Power of the powerless : citizens against the state in central-eastern Europe}, year = {1990}, publisher = {M.E. Sharpe}, organization = {M.E. Sharpe}, abstract = {

Designed as an introduction to emergency management, this book includes pieces on: social, political, and fiscal aspects of risk management; land-use planning and building code enforcement regulations; insurance issues; emergency management systems; and managing natural and manmade disasters.

}, isbn = {9780873327619}, author = {Havel, Václav} } @book {81932, title = {Philosophical Dictionary}, year = {1984}, publisher = {Penguin Books Ltd}, organization = {Penguin Books Ltd}, abstract = {

Voltaire{\textquoteright}s Philosophical Dictionary, first published in 1764, is a series of short, radical essays - alphabetically arranged - that form a brilliant and bitter analysis of the social and religious conventions that then dominated eighteenth-century French thought. One of the masterpieces of the Enlightenment, this enormously influential work of sardonic wit - more a collection of essays arranged alphabetically, than a conventional dictionary - considers such diverse subjects as Abraham and Atheism, Faith and Freedom of Thought, Miracles and Moses. Repeatedly condemned by civil and religious authorities, Voltaire{\textquoteright}s work argues passionately for the cause of reason and justice, and criticizes Christian theology and contemporary attitudes towards war and society - and claims, as he regards the world around him: {\textquoteright}common sense is not so common{\textquoteright}.

}, isbn = {9780140442571}, author = {Francois Voltaire} } @book {80836, title = {The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge}, year = {1984}, publisher = {MANCHESTER UNIVERSITY PRESS}, organization = {MANCHESTER UNIVERSITY PRESS}, abstract = {

Many definitions of postmodernism focus on its nature as the aftermath of the modern industrial age when technology developed. This book extends that analysis to postmodernism by looking at the status of science, technology, and the arts, the significance of technocracy, and the way the flow of information is controlled in the Western world. -- .

}, isbn = {9780719014505}, author = {Jean-Francois Lyotard} } @book {79111, title = {Programm f{\"u}r ein neues Strafgesetzbuch}, year = {1968}, publisher = {Fischer-B{\"u}cherei}, organization = {Fischer-B{\"u}cherei}, address = {Frankfurt a. M.}, author = {Baumann, J{\"u}rgen} } @book {73332, title = {Philosophy of natural science}, year = {1966}, pages = {116}, publisher = {Prentice-Hall}, organization = {Prentice-Hall}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=Iau78s98cqwC\&pgis=1}, author = {Hempel, Carl Gustav} } @book {73333, title = {Philosophy of Social Science}, year = {1966}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=fTV1-8jJ23UC\&pgis=1}, author = {RUDNER, RICHARD S.} } @inbook {80118, title = {Pierre Menard, Author of the Quixote}, booktitle = {Labyrinths}, year = {1962}, publisher = {New directions}, organization = {New directions}, address = {New York}, author = {Jorge Luis Borges} } @book {82256, title = {Philosophy and Logical Syntax}, year = {1935}, publisher = {Kegan paul, trench, trubner \& Co. Ltd.}, organization = {Kegan paul, trench, trubner \& Co. Ltd.}, abstract = {

Consists of the material of three lectures given by Carnap at the University of London in October 1934. The text explains the main features of the "method of philosophizing" used by the Vienna Circle, the "syntactical analysis of scientific language".

}, isbn = {9781855064287}, author = {Rudolf Carnap} } @mastersthesis {81894, title = {Public Education in Formosa under the Japanese Administration}, year = {1929}, school = {Ph. D. Columbia University}, author = {Lin, Maosheng and 林, 茂生} }